近半年有幸参与了一个立异项目,由于没有任何前史包袱,所以选择了Vue3技能栈,总体来说感触如下:

• setup语法糖

• 能够经过Composition API(组合式API)封装可复用逻辑,将UI和逻辑分离,进步复用性,view层代码展现更明晰

• 和Vue3更调配的状况管理库Pinia,少去了许多配置,运用起来更便捷

• 构建东西Vite,基于ESM和Rollup,省去本地开发时的编译步骤,可是build打包时仍是会编译(考虑到兼容性)

• 必备VSCode插件Volar,支撑Vue3内置API的TS类型揣度,可是不兼容Vue2,假如需要在Vue2和Vue3项目中切换,比较费事

当然也遇到一些问题,最典型的就是呼应式相关的问题

呼应式篇

本篇首要凭借watch函数,理解ref、reactive等呼应式数据/状况,有爱好的同学能够检查Vue3源代码部分加深理解,

watch数据源能够是ref (包括核算特点)、呼应式目标、getter 函数、或多个数据源组成的数组

import { ref, reactive, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
//定义4种呼应式数据/状况
//1、ref值为根本类型
const simplePerson = ref('张三') 
//2、ref值为引证类型,等价于:person.value = reactive({ name: '张三' })
const person = ref({
    name: '张三'
})
//3、ref值包含嵌套的引证类型,等价于:complexPerson.value = reactive({ name: '张三', info: { age: 18 } })
const complexPerson = ref({ name: '张三', info: { age: 18 } })
//4、reactive
const reactivePerson = reactive({ name: '张三', info: { age: 18 } })
//改动特点,调查以下不同情形下的监听成果
nextTick(() => { 
    simplePerson.value = '李四' 
    person.value.name = '李四' 
    complexPerson.value.info.age = 20
    reactivePerson.info.age = 22
})
//情形一:数据源为RefImpl
watch(simplePerson, (newVal) => {
    console.log(newVal) //输出:李四
})
//情形二:数据源为'张三'
watch(simplePerson.value, (newVal) => { 
    console.log(newVal) //不合法数据源,监听不到且控制台告警 
})
//情形三:数据源为RefImpl,可是.value才是呼应式目标,所以要加deep
watch(person, (newVal) => { 
    console.log(newVal) //输出:{name: '李四'}
},{
    deep: true //有必要设置,不然监听不到内部变化
}) 
//情形四:数据源为呼应式目标
watch(person.value, (newVal) => { 
    console.log(newVal) //输出:{name: '李四'}
})
//情形五:数据源为'张三'
watch(person.value.name, (newVal) => { 
    console.log(newVal) //不合法数据源,监听不到且控制台告警 
})
//情形六:数据源为getter函数,回来根本类型
watch(
    () => person.value.name, 
    (newVal) => { 
        console.log(newVal) //输出:李四
    }
)
//情形七:数据源为呼应式目标(在Vue3中状况都是默认深层呼应式的)
watch(complexPerson.value.info, (newVal, oldVal) => { 
    console.log(newVal) //输出:Proxy {age: 20} 
    console.log(newVal === oldVal) //输出:true
}) 
//情形八:数据源为getter函数,回来呼应式目标
watch( 
    () => complexPerson.value.info, 
    (newVal) => { 
        console.log(newVal) //除非设置deep: true或info特点被全体替换,不然监听不到
    }
)
//情形九:数据源为呼应式目标
watch(reactivePerson, (newVal) => { 
    console.log(newVal) //不设置deep: true也能够监听到 
})

总结:

  1. 在Vue3中状况都是默认深层呼应式的(情形七),嵌套的引证类型在取值(get)时一定是回来Proxy呼应式目标

  2. watch数据源为呼应式目标时(情形四、七、九),会隐式的创立一个深层侦听器,不需要再显示设置deep: true

  3. 情形三和情形八两种情况下,有必要显示设置deep: true,强制转换为深层侦听器

  4. 情形五和情形七对比下,虽然写法完全相同,可是假如特点值为根本类型时是监听不到的,尤其是ts类型声明为any时,ide也不会提示告警,导致排查问题比较吃力

  5. 所以准确的ts类型声明很重要,不然经常会出现莫名其妙的watch不收效的问题

  6. ref值为根本类型时经过get\set拦截完成呼应式;ref值为引证类型时经过将.value特点转换为reactive呼应式目标完成;

  7. deep会影响性能,而reactive会隐式的设置deep: true,所以只有明晰状况数据结构比较简单且数据量不大时运用reactive,其他一概运用ref

Props篇

设置默认值

type Props = {
  placeholder?: string
  modelValue: string
  multiple?: boolean
}
const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
  placeholder: '请选择',
  multiple: false,
})

双向绑定(多个值)

• 自定义组件

//FieldSelector.vue
type Props = {
 businessTableUuid: string
 businessTableFieldUuid?: string
}
const props = defineProps<Props>()
const emits = defineEmits([
 'update:businessTableUuid',
 'update:businessTableFieldUuid',
])
const businessTableUuid = ref('')
const businessTableFieldUuid = ref('')
// props.businessTableUuid、props.businessTableFieldUuid转为本地状况,此处省略
//表切换
const tableChange = (businessTableUuid: string) => {
 emits('update:businessTableUuid', businessTableUuid)
 emits('update:businessTableFieldUuid', '')
 businessTableFieldUuid.value = ''
}
//字段切换
const fieldChange = (businessTableFieldUuid: string) => {
 emits('update:businessTableFieldUuid', businessTableFieldUuid)
}

• 运用组件

<template>
  <FieldSelector
    v-model:business-table-uuid="stringFilter.businessTableUuid"
    v-model:business-table-field-uuid="stringFilter.businessTableFieldUuid"
  />
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const stringFilter = reactive({
  businessTableUuid: '',
  businessTableFieldUuid: ''
})
</script>

单向数据流

  1. 大部分情况下应该遵从【单向数据流】准则,制止子组件直接修正props,不然杂乱应用下的数据流将变得混乱,极易出现bug且难排查

  2. 直接修正props会有告警,可是假如props是引证类型,修正props内部值将不会有告警提示,因此应该有团队约定(第5条在外)

  3. 假如props为引证类型,赋值到子组件状况时,需要免除引证(第5条在外)

  4. 杂乱的逻辑,能够将状况以及修正状况的办法,封装成自定义hooks或许提升到store内部,避免props的层层传递与修正

  5. 一些父子组件本就严密耦合的场景下,能够答应修正props内部的值,能够削减许多杂乱度和工作量(需要团队约定固定场景)

逻辑/UI解耦篇

使用Vue3的Composition/组合式API,将某种逻辑涉及到的状况,以及修正状况的办法封装成一个自定义hook,将组件中的逻辑解耦,这样即便UI有不同的形状或许调整,只要逻辑不变,就能够复用逻辑。下面是本项目中涉及的一个实在案例-逻辑树组件,UI有2种形状且能够彼此转化。

感受Vue3的魔法力量

• hooks部分的代码:useDynamicTree.ts

import { ref } from 'vue'
import { nanoid } from 'nanoid'
export type TreeNode = {
 id?: string
 pid: string
 nodeUuid?: string
 partentUuid?: string
 nodeType: string
 nodeValue?: any
 logicValue?: any
 children: TreeNode[]
 level?: number
}
export const useDynamicTree = (root?: TreeNode) => {
  const tree = ref<TreeNode[]>(root ? [root] : [])
  const level = ref(0)
  //增加节点
  const add = (node: TreeNode, pid: string = 'root'): boolean => {
    //增加根节点
    if (pid === '') {
      tree.value = [node]
      return true
    }
    level.value = 0
    const pNode = find(tree.value, pid)
    if (!pNode) return false
    //嵌套联系不能超过3层
    if (pNode.level && pNode.level > 2) return false
    if (!node.id) {
      node.id = nanoid()
    }
    if (pNode.nodeType === 'operator') {
      pNode.children.push(node)
    } else {
      //假如父节点不是联系节点,则构建新的联系节点
      const current = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(pNode))
      current.pid = pid
      current.id = nanoid()
      Object.assign(pNode, {
        nodeType: 'operator',
        nodeValue: 'and',
        // 重置回显信息
        logicValue: undefined,
        nodeUuid: undefined,
        parentUuid: undefined,
        children: [current, node],
      })
    }
    return true
  }
  //删去节点
  const remove = (id: string) => {
    const node = find(tree.value, id)
    if (!node) return
    //根节点处理
    if (node.pid === '') {
      tree.value = []
      return
    }
    const pNode = find(tree.value, node.pid)
    if (!pNode) return
    const index = pNode.children.findIndex((item) => item.id === id)
    if (index === -1) return
    pNode.children.splice(index, 1)
    if (pNode.children.length === 1) {
      //假如只剩下一个节点,则替换父节点(联系节点)
      const [one] = pNode.children
      Object.assign(
        pNode,
        {
          ...one,
        },
        {
          pid: pNode.pid,
        },
      )
      if (pNode.pid === '') {
        pNode.id = 'root'
      }
    }
  }
  //切换逻辑联系:且/或
  const toggleOperator = (id: string) => {
    const node = find(tree.value, id)
    if (!node) return
    if (node.nodeType !== 'operator') return
    node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue === 'and' ? 'or' : 'and'
  }
  //查找节点
  const find = (node: TreeNode[], id: string): TreeNode | undefined => {
    // console.log(node, id)
    for (let i = 0; i < node.length; i++) {
      if (node[i].id === id) {
        Object.assign(node[i], {
          level: level.value,
        })
        return node[i]
      }
      if (node[i].children?.length > 0) {
        level.value += 1
        const result = find(node[i].children, id)
        if (result) {
          return result
        }
        level.value -= 1
      }
    }
    return undefined
  }
  //供给遍历节点办法,支撑回调
  const dfs = (node: TreeNode[], callback: (node: TreeNode) => void) => {
    for (let i = 0; i < node.length; i++) {
      callback(node[i])
      if (node[i].children?.length > 0) {
        dfs(node[i].children, callback)
      }
    }
  }
  return {
    tree,
    add,
    remove,
    toggleOperator,
    dfs,
  }
}

• 在不同组件中运用(UI1/UI2组件为递归组件,内部完成不再展开)

//组件1
<template>
  <UI1 
    :logic="logic"
    :on-add="handleAdd"
    :on-remove="handleRemove"
    :toggle-operator="toggleOperator"  
  </UI1>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
  import { useDynamicTree } from '@/hooks/useDynamicTree'
  const { add, remove, toggleOperator, tree: logic, dfs } = useDynamicTree()
  const handleAdd = () => {
    //增加条件
  }
  const handleRemove = () => { 
    //删去条件 
  }
  const toggleOperator = () => { 
    //切换逻辑联系:且、或  
   }
</script>
//组件2
<template> 
  <UI2 :logic="logic" 
    :on-add="handleAdd" 
    :on-remove="handleRemove" 
    :toggle-operator="toggleOperator"
  </UI2> 
</template> 
<script setup lang="ts"> 
  import { useDynamicTree } from '@/hooks/useDynamicTree' 
  const { add, remove, toggleOperator, tree: logic, dfs } = useDynamicTree() 
  const handleAdd = () => { //增加条件 } 
  const handleRemove = () => { //删去条件  } 
  const toggleOperator = () => { //切换逻辑联系:且、或  } 
</script>

Pinia状况管理篇

将杂乱逻辑的状况以及修正状况的办法提升到store内部管理,能够避免props的层层传递,削减props杂乱度,状况管理更明晰

• 定义一个store(非声明式):User.ts

import { computed, reactive } from 'vue'
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
type UserInfo = {
  userName: string
  realName: string
  headImg: string
  organizationFullName: string
}
export const useUserStore = defineStore('user', () => {
  const userInfo = reactive<UserInfo>({
    userName: '',
    realName: '',
    headImg: '',
    organizationFullName: ''
  })
  const fullName = computed(() => {
    return `${userInfo.userName}[${userInfo.realName}]`
  })
  const setUserInfo = (info: UserInfo) => {
    Object.assgin(userInfo, {...info})
  }
  return {
    userInfo,
    fullName,
    setUserInfo
  }
})

• 在组件中运用

<template>
  <div class="welcome" font-JDLangZheng>
    <el-space>
      <el-avatar :size="60" :src="userInfo.headImg ? userInfo.headImg : avatar"> </el-avatar>
      <div>
        <p>你好,{{ userInfo.realName }},欢迎回来</p>
        <p style="font-size: 14px">{{ userInfo.organizationFullName }}</p>
      </div>
    </el-space>
  </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
  import { useUserStore } from '@/stores/user'
  import avatar from '@/assets/avatar.png'
  const { userInfo } = useUserStore()
</script>