背景

OpenAI官方具体介绍了ChatGPT运用的最佳实践，不只适用于运用ChatGPT网站进行直接对话的用户，还适用于经过OpenAI API接入的开发者。

把握了这些最佳实践，就能更好地运用GPT大模型。

本文是ChatGPT运用最佳实践系列第1篇 – 供给明晰且明晰的指令(write clear instructions)。

GPT大模型并不会读心术，需要你在提示词(prompt)里明晰你的具体诉求，大模型才会供给最佳的答复。

  • 假如大模型给的答复过长，你能够在prompt里告知它你想要更简略的答复。
  • 假如大模型给的答复过于简单，你能够在prompt里要求它供给专家水准一般的输出。
  • 假如大模型给的答复格式你不喜欢，你能够在prompt里告知大模型你想要的输出格式。

简而言之，GPT需要猜的东西越少，答复的作用越好。

接下来具体讲述6个具体的操作指引。

战略1：在prompt里供给细节

假如要让GPT给出你想要的成果，需要保证你的prompt里包含重要的细节，不然GPT模型需要猜测你想要的答案，那给出的成果就未必好了。

以下是一些具体示例，第一列为bad prompt，第二列为good prompt，大家能够比照感受下。

Worse Better
How do I add numbers in Excel? How do I add up a row of dollar amounts in Excel? I want to do this automatically for a whole sheet of rows with all the totals ending up on the right in a column called “Total”.
Who’s president? Who was the president of Mexico in 2021, and how frequently are elections held?
Write code to calculate the Fibonacci sequence. Write a TypeScript function to efficiently calculate the Fibonacci sequence. Comment the code liberally to explain what each piece does and why it’s written that way.
Summarize the meeting notes. Summarize the meeting notes in a single paragraph. Then write a markdown list of the speakers and each of their key points. Finally, list the next steps or action items suggested by the speakers, if any.

战略2：指定模型需要扮演的人物

OpenAI的Chat Completions API的messages参数能够经过指定role为system来告知模型需要扮演的人物。

curl https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
  -d '{
    "model": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
    "messages": [
      {
        "role": "system",
        "content": "You are a math genius."
      },
      {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "Hello!"
      }
    ]
  }'

例如，你希望GPT帮你做内容创作，创作的每段内容里包含至少一个笑话或俏皮的评论。

那system能够按如下示例规划：

SYSTEM When I ask for help to write something, you will reply with a document that contains at least one joke or playful comment in every paragraph.
USER Write a thank you note to my steel bolt vendor for getting the delivery in on time and in short notice. This made it possible for us to deliver an important order.

能够在这个链接里看作用：Open in Playground

战略3：用分隔符来明晰prompt的结构

分隔符能够便利大模型更准确识别prompt里的不同组成部分，答复作用更好。

参阅示例：

比方1:

USER Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes with a haiku.
“””insert text here”””

比方2：

SYSTEM You will be provided with a pair of articles (delimited with XML tags) about the same topic. First summarize the arguments of each article. Then indicate which of them makes a better argument and explain why.
USER <article> insert first article here </article>
<article> insert second article here </article>

比方3：

SYSTEM You will be provided with a thesis abstract and a suggested title for it. The thesis title should give the reader a good idea of the topic of the thesis but should also be eye-catching. If the title does not meet these criteria, suggest 5 alternatives.
USER Abstract: insert abstract here Title: insert title here

关于一些很简单的使命，加分隔符前后作用可能不明显。

可是关于一些杂乱的使命，比方很长的的prompt，加分隔符能够让GPT准确识别到每部分的结构，答复作用会更好。

战略4：指定完结本项使命需要的过程

有些使命是能够分步拆解的，明晰告知GPT要执行的每个过程能够让答复作用更好。

SYSTEM Use the following step-by-step instructions to respond to user inputs.

Step 1 – The user will provide you with text in triple quotes. Summarize this text in one sentence with a prefix that says “Summary: “.

Step 2 – Translate the summary from Step 1 into Spanish, with a prefix that says “Translation: “.
USER “””insert text here”””

比方上面的比方，GPT的答复就会根据你的要求，第一步先输出summary，第二步再把summary翻译为西班牙语。

能够在这个链接里看作用：Open in Playground

战略5：供给示例

有时候你希望GPT依照你想要的风格答复问题，可是这个风格又很难用明晰的语言表述出来，就能够经过供给样例的方法给GPT，这种就叫 few-shot learning/prompting。

参阅示例如下，你供给了一组<user, assistant>样例，system里指定了模型要扮演的人物。

后续user的问题，模型就会依照你供给的样例的风格进行答复。

SYSTEM Answer in a consistent style.
USER Teach me about patience.
ASSISTANT The river that carves the deepest valley flows from a modest spring; the grandest symphony originates from a single note; the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread.
USER Teach me about the ocean.

能够在这个链接里看作用：Open in Playground

战略6：明晰答复的长度

你能够告知模型答复内容的长度，这个长度能够是字数，能够是句子数量，也能够是段落数量等。关于字数，模型不会特别精准。

参阅示例如下：

USER Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes in about 50 words.
“””insert text here”””
USER Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes in 2 paragraphs.
“””insert text here”””
USER Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes in 3 bullet points.
“””insert text here”””

总结

本文是ChatGPT运用最佳实践系列第1篇 – 供给明晰且明晰的指令(write clear instructions)。

具体讲述了6个战略，以上战略不只适用于GPT模型，还适用于其它大语言模型。

文章和示例代码开源在GitHub: GPT实战教程，能够看到一切干流的开源LLM。

大众号：coding进阶。

个人网站：Jincheng’s Blog。

知乎：无忌。

References

  • platform.openai.com/docs/guides…