动态路由分类

Cisco装备RIP路由

RIP简介

  • RIP是应用及开发较早的路由协议,是典型的间隔矢量路由协议
  • 适用于小型网络,最大跳数15跳(16跳视为不可达)
  • RIP是基于UDP的,使用端口号520
  • 在CISCO IOS平台上的管理性间隔为120

RIP各个版本的差异

Cisco装备RIP路由

试验拓扑

Cisco装备RIP路由

初始装备

装备R1各个接口IP

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal 
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface e0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown 
R1(config-if)#interface e0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

装备R2各个接口IP

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal 
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#
R2(config)#interface e0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 
R2(config-if)#interface e0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

装备R3各个接口IP

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal 
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#
R3(config)#interface e0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 
R3(config-if)#interface e0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

装备Vpc4和vpc5的ip

VPCS> ip 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.1.254
Checking for duplicate address...
VPCS : 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.254

VPCS> ip 192.168.3.2/24 192.168.3.254
Checking for duplicate address...
VPCS : 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.254

装备RIP

在R1上装备RIP并宣告网络

# 启动RIP进程
R1(config)#router rip 
# 选择版本2
R1(config-router)#version 2
# 宣告指定指定的直连网络（接口）
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0

在R2上装备RIP并宣告网络

R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0

在R3上装备RIP并宣告网络

R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#version 2
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

检查路由

在R1上检查路由

R1#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
         - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set
      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
R     192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:13, Ethernet0/0
      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R     192.168.23.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:13, Ethernet0/0

能够看到R1学习到了192.168.3.0/24和192.168.23.0/24网段的路由

在R2上检查路由

R2# show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
         - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set
R     192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:08, Ethernet0/0
R     192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.23.3, 00:00:17, Ethernet0/1
      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

能够看到R2学习到了192.168.1.0/24和192.168.3.0/24网段的路由

在R3上检查路由

R3#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
         - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set
R     192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.23.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
      192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L        192.168.3.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
R     192.168.12.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.23.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

能够看到R3学习到了192.168.1.0/24和192.168.12.0/24网段的路由

ping测验

在vpc4上ping vpc5

VPCS> ping 192.168.3.2
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=1.202 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.751 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=0.916 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=0.743 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.3.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=0.834 ms