Vue3中操作dom的四种方式，建议收藏！

前语

最近产品司理提出了很多用户体验优化的需求，涉及到很多dom的操作。

小张：“老铁，原本开发Vue2项目操作dom挺简略的，现在开发vue3项目，忽然感觉一头雾水！”

我：“没事，原理都差不多，查查材料应该没问题的！”

至此将Vue3中dom操作常见的几种方法总结一下！

觉得文章不错、或对自己开发有所协助，欢迎点赞保藏！❤❤❤

经过ref直接拿到dom引证

<template>
    <div class="demo1-container">
        <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import {ref} from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
</script>

经过对div元素添加了ref特点，为了获取到这个元素，咱们声明晰一个与ref特点称号相同的变量sectionRef，然后咱们经过 sectionRef.value 的方法即可获取该div元素。

适用场景

单一dom元素或者个数较少的场景

示例代码

<template>
    <div class="demo1-container">
        <p>经过ref直接拿到dom</p>
        <div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
        <button @click="higherAction" class="btn">变高</button>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import {ref} from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
let height = 100;
const higherAction = () => {
    height += 50;
    sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo1-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    .ref-section {
        width: 200px;
        height: 100px;
        background-color: pink;
        transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
    }
    .btn {
        width: 200px;
        height: 50px;
        background-color: gray;
        color: #fff;
        margin-top: 100px;
    }
}
</style>

经过父容器的ref遍历拿到dom引证

<template>
    <div class="demo2-container">
        <div ref="listRef" class="list-section">
            <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const listRef = ref()

经过对父元素添加了ref特点，并声明晰一个与ref特点称号相同的变量listRef，此刻经过listRef.value会获得包含子元素的dom对象

此刻可以经过listRef.value.children[index]的方法获取子元素dom

适用场景

经过v-for循环生成的固定数量元素的场景

示例代码

<template>
    <div class="demo2-container">
        <p>经过父容器遍历拿到dom</p>
        <div ref="listRef" class="list-section">
            <div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const listRef = ref()
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
    let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px';
    height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
    listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    .list-section {
        width: 200px;
        .list-item {
            width: 200px;
            height: 20px;
            background-color: pink;
            color: #333;
            transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }
    }
}
</style>

经过:ref将dom引证放到数组中

<template>
    <div class="demo2-container">
        <div class="list-section">
            <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
    refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
    state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>

经过:ref循环调用setRefAction方法，该方法会默认接纳一个el参数，这个参数便是咱们需要获取的div元素

此刻可以经过state.refList[index]的方法获取子元素dom

适用场景

经过v-for循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景

示例代码

<template>
    <div class="demo2-container">
        <p>经过:ref将dom引证放到数组中</p>
        <div class="list-section">
            <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
                <span>{{item}}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
    refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
    let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px';
    height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
    state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
    console.log(state.refList[index]);
}
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
    state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    .list-section {
        width: 200px;
        .list-item {
            width: 200px;
            height: 20px;
            background-color: pink;
            color: #333;
            transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }
    }
}
</style>

经过子组件emit传递ref

<template>
    <div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
        <span>{{item}}</span>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import {ref} from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
    item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const cellRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
    emit('cellTap', cellRef.value);
}
</script>

经过对子组件添加了ref特点，并声明晰一个与ref特点称号相同的变量cellRef，此刻可以经过emit将cellRef.value作为一个dom引证传递出去

适用场景

多个页面都可能有操作组件dom的场景

示例代码

<template>
    <div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
        <span>{{item}}</span>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import {ref} from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
    item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const cellRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
    emit('cellTap', cellRef.value);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.cell-item {
    width: 200px;
    height: 20px;
    background-color: pink;
    color: #333;
    transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}
</style>

<template>
    <div class="demo2-container">
        <p>经过子组件emit传递ref</p>
        <div class="list-section">
            <Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
            </Cell>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { reactive } from 'vue'
import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue'
const state = reactive({
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
    refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => {
    let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px';
    height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
    el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    .list-section {
        width: 200px;
    }
}
</style>

写在最终

引荐几个作者参与的开源项目，假如项目有协助到你，欢迎star！

一个简略的根据Vue3、TS、Vite、qiankun技能栈的后台管理项目：www.xkxk.tech

一个根据Vue3、Vite的仿element UI的组件库项目：ui.xkxk.tech

一个根据Vue3、Vite的炫酷大屏项目：screen.xkxk.tech